Where our information comes from

A short reading list, for when you want to look at the evidence yourself.

Materna is here to help you make your own decisions — not to tell you what to do. Part of that is being open about what our guidance rests on.

Everything below is free to read. Most of these link to a plain-language summary written for mothers rather than clinicians: a few short paragraphs, no statistics to wade through. Where we've linked the full review instead, we say so.

How we choose what's here

So you can judge the standard for yourself, rather than taking our word for it.

  • Large reviews and international guidance only. Not single studies — one trial can be contradicted the following year. These are reviews that gather every good study on a question.
  • Nothing commercial. No source that is selling a course, a product, or a position.
  • The plain-language version wherever one exists.
  • Nothing on mental health. If something is weighing on you, that deserves a conversation with someone who can help, not a reading list. We'll always point you to one.

We link, we don't summarise. We won't tell you what a study found, or what it means for you. Research describes what happened across large groups of women — it can't tell you what will happen for you, and it isn't a substitute for your midwife or doctor. Read it, bring your questions to your appointments, and decide for yourself.

During pregnancy

Perineal massage in late pregnancy

Looks at perineal massage in the final weeks of pregnancy, and what happens to the perineum during birth.

Cochrane review CD005123

Read in English

During labour and birth

Having continuous support

Looks at what happens when a woman has one person with her continuously through labour, compared with usual care.

Cochrane review CD003766

Read in English Leia em português

Positions and moving in early labour

Looks at being upright and walking in the first stage, compared with labouring in bed. This one is the full review rather than a short summary — more technical than the others here.

Cochrane review CD003934

Read in English (full review)

Positions for pushing

Looks at upright positions for the pushing stage — sitting, kneeling, squatting — compared with lying down.

Cochrane review CD002006

Read in English

Water and warmth in labour

Looks at labouring or giving birth in water.

Cochrane review CD000111

Read in English

Epidurals and other pain relief

Looks at epidural pain relief in labour, compared with other kinds of pain relief or none.

Cochrane review CD000331

Read in English

When the cord is clamped

Looks at clamping the cord soon after birth, compared with waiting.

Cochrane review CD004074

Read in English

After birth

Skin-to-skin in the first hour

Looks at skin-to-skin contact straight after birth, compared with standard hospital care.

Cochrane review CD003519

Read in English

Pelvic floor exercises

Looks at pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy and after birth. This one is the full review rather than a short summary — more technical than the others here.

Cochrane review CD007471

Read in English (full review)

This page will grow. If there's something you'd like us to look into, tell us —

hello@maternabyibiza.com